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the part of the body below the chest that contains organs like the intestines, the liver, the kidneys, the stomach, the bladder, and the prostate.
reduction of; e.g., in the management of prostate cancer, hormonal ablation means the use of hormonal techniques to reduce the spread of prostate cancer cells and cryoablation means the use of deep freezing techniques to reduce the number of live prostate and prostate cancer cells. added on; e.g., adjuvant hormonal therapy is hormonal therapy added on to another form of therapy. a form of cancer that develops from a malignant abnormality in the glandular cells lining an organ such as the prostate; almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas. the two adrenal glands are located above the kidneys; they produce a variety of different hormones, including sex hormones - e.g., adrenal androgens. the surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands. modified to take account of the age of an indiviual or group of individuals; for example, prostate cancer survival data and average normal PSA values can be adjusted according to the ages of groups of men. pharmaceutical drugs that act on the prostate by relaxing certain types of muscle tissue; these pharmaceutical drugs are often used in the treatment of BPH. a synthetic chemical or pharmaceutical drug that behaves very much like a normal chemical in the body. trade or brand name for nilutamide. a hormone which is responsible for male characteristics and the development and function of male sexual organs (e.g. testosterone). a reduction below normal in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. having an abnormal number of sets of chromosomes; e.g., tetraploid means having two paired sets of chromosomes, which is twice as many as normal (see also diploid). the front; e.g., the anterior of the prostate is the part of the prostate that faces forward. a compound (usually a synthetic pharmaceutical drug) which blocks or otherwise interferes with the normal action of androgens. a pharmaceutical that can kill certain types of bacteria. protein produced by the immune system as a defense against an invading or "foreign" material or substance (for example, when you get a cold, your body produces antibodies to the cold virus). a pharmaceutical drug that helps to stop the blood from clotting. "foreign" material introduced into the body (a virus or bacterium, for example) or other material which the immune system considers to be "foreign" because it is not part of the body's normal biology (e.g., prostate cancer cells). the opening of the rectum. the tip or bottom of the prostate, i.e., the part of the prostate farthest away from the bladder. the use of suction to remove fluid or tissue, usually through a fine needle (e.g., aspiration biopsy). having no recognizable symptoms of a particular disorder. the base of the prostate is the wide part at the top of the prostate closest to the bladder.
relatively harmless; not cancerous; not malignant; not potentially fatal. see BPH. a nonsteroidal antiandrogen available in the U.S. and some European countries for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. both sides; e.g., a bilateral orchiectomy is an operation in which both testicles are removed and a bilateral adrenalectomy involves removal of both adrenal glands. sampling of tissue from a particular part of the body (e.g., the prostate) in order to check for abnormalities such as cancer; in the case of prostate cancer, biopsies are usually carried out under ultrasound guidance using a specially designed device known as a prostate biopsy gun. the hollow sac-like organ in which urine is colleced and stored in the body. a sensitive technique which uses radiolabelled agents to identify abnormal or or cancerous growths within or attached to bone; in the case of prostate cancer, a bone scan is used to identify bony metastases which are definitive for cancer which has escaped from the prostate.bowel preparation: the cleaning of the bowels or intestines which is normal prior to abdominal surgery such as radical prostatectomy. benign prostatic hyperplasia or enlargement of the prostate occurs in most men age they age; it can cause difficulties for many men (such as the frequent need to urinate at night), which can become severe for some individuals. the implantation of radioactive seeds or pellets which emit low energy radiation in order to kill surrounding tissue (e.g., the prostate, including prostate cancer cells). complete androgen blockade (see maximal androgen deprivation)
the growth of abnormal cells in the body in an uncontrolled manner. the fibrous tissue which acts as an outer lining of the prostate. another word meaning cancer. brand name or trade name of bicalutamide. the use of surgical or medical techniques to lower the level of testosterone in the male to zero or near zero. a hollow (usually plastic) tube which can be used to drain fluids from or inject fluids into the body; in the case of prostate cancer, it is common for patients to have a transurethral catheter to drain urine for some time after treatment by surgery or some forms of radiation therapy. the use of a pharmaceutical drug or other substance to prevent the development of cancer. the use of pharmaceutical drugs to kill cancer cells; in many cases chemotherapeutic agents kill not only cancer cells but also other cells in the body, which makes such agents potentially very dangerous. threadlike structure in every cell that consists of genes composed of DNA. One human cell normally consists of 46 chromosomes. combined hormonal therapy or treatment (see maximal androgen deprivation). a carefully planned experiment to evaluate a treatment or a medication (often a pharmaceutical drug) for an unproven use. an unexpected or unwanted effect of a treatment, pharmaceutical drug , or other procedure. the use of careful planning and delivery techniques designed to focus radiation on the areas of the prostate and surrounding tissue which need treatment and protect areas which do not need treatment: three-dimensional conformational therapy is a more sophisticated form of this method. scarring which can occur at the bladder neck after a radical prostatectomy and which results in narrowing of the passage between the bladder and the urethra. a part of a man's penis which fills with blood when he is sexually excited, giving the organ the stiffness required for intercourse. a spongy chamber in a man's penis which fills with blood when he is sexually excited, giving the organ the stiffness required for intercourse. see cryosurgery. the use of liquid nitrogen to freeze a particular organ to extremely low temperatures to kill the tissue, including any cancerous tissue. see cryosurgery. computerized tomography (also known as computerized axial tomography or a CAT scan) is a method of combining images from multiple x-rays under the control of a computer to produce sophisticated cross-sectional or three-dimensional pictures of the internal organs and which can be used to identify abnormalities. an instrument used by physicians to look inside the bladder and the urethra. the use of a cystoscope to look inside the bladder and the urethra.
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